REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
PรGINA 1
PEDAGOGรAS MIXTAS EN CURSOS DE BACHILLERATO GENERAL
UNIFICADO: EXPLORACIร“N DE LA MOTIVACIร“N ACADร‰MICA, LA
AUTORREGULACIร“N DEL ESTUDIANTE Y LA METACOGNICIร“N.
MIXED PEDAGOGIES IN UNIFIED GENERAL BACCALAUREATE COURSES:
EXPLORATION OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION, STUDENT SELF-REGULATION,
AND METACOGNITION
Nathaly Yadira Merizalde Calero๏‘Œ๎˜, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5733-2776
Janeth Lizeth Arias Bonilla๏‘, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6266-778X
Leidy Marรญa Pinza Pinza๏‘Ž, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9312-2698
๏‘Œ๏„๏‘๏„๏‘Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•
Recibido: 13/10/2025
Aceptado: 27/11/2025
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’-
๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
PALABRAS CLAVE: ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜‘
KEY WORDS: Blended learning pedagogies,
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ-
๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†-
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„-
๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ฃ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†
Artรญculo de Revisiรณn
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 2
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
INTRODUCCIร“N
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„-
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘-
๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ-
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™-
๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„-
๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜-
๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜-
๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„-
๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น-
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜-
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„-
๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†-
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 3
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
METODOLOGรA
Diseรฑo del estudio
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ-
๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘
Criterios de inclusiรณn y exclusiรณn
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„-
๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜-
๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
Fuentes de informaciรณn
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ-
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’-
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„-
๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
Estrategia de bรบsqueda
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™…๎™„-
๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„-
dos obtenidos.
RESULTADOS
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜-
๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 4
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
Figura 1. ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜-
๎™œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™-
๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„-
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 5
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™-
๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ-
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„-
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•-
๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ
DISCUSIร“N
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™-
๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•-
๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜-
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ-
๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
personalizadas.
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ-
PรGINA 6
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™พ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ-
๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜-
๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’-
๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„-
๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
CONCLUSIONES
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™-
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™…๎™•๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 7
Merizalde Calero, N. Y., Arias Bonilla, J. L., & Pinza Pinza, L. M. (2025, diciembre 9). Pedagogรญas mixtas en cursos de Bachillerato General
Unificado: Exploraciรณn de la motivaciรณn acadรฉmica, la autorregulaciรณn del estudiante y la metacogniciรณn. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6).
https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜‘
DECLARACIร“N DE CONFLICTO
DE INTERESES
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRรFICAS
๎˜ค๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜ค๎˜ช๎˜จ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜’๎˜•๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜—๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜”
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ข๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜š๎˜‰๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎˜ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‰๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™๎™„๎˜ ๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜ค
๎˜ค๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™„-
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘-
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’-
๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—-
๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ฌ๎˜ซ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•
๎˜จ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™’๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜ท๎˜ธ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜š
๎˜จ๎™๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹-
๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—-
tps://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12466-9
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜–๎˜
82712012000300011
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’-
๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜œ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฐ-
๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”
๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ช-
NICIร“N. PARADIGMA, 109โ€“135. https://doi.
org/10.37618/PARADIGMA.1011-2251.1996.P109-
135.ID184
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎›ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜-
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ-
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RLP.2017.01.001
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„-
๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜ฉ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฅ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ป