REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
PรGINA 1
EL LIDERAZGO EN LA GESTIร“N PEDAGร“GICA ADMINSITRATIVA DE
UNIDADES EDUCATIVAS DE RIOBAMBA, 2025.
LEADERSHIP IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE PEDAGOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF
EDUCATIONAL UNITS IN RIOBAMBA, 2025
Mรณnica Alexandra Villavicencio Chรกvez๏‘Œ๎˜, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4703-099X
Nataly Cristina Toapanta Valencian๏‘, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5714-5878
Broncano Rocha Rubรฉn Vinicio๏‘Ž, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4784-9351
๏‘Œ๏„๏‘๏„๏‘Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•
Recibido: 20/09/2025
Aceptado: 30/10/2025
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„-
๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Para la recolecciรณn de datos se utilizaron dos cuestio-
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
consideraciรณn individualizada y la gestiรณn pedagรณgi-
๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™-
๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น-
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
nal y procesos organizativos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
KEY WORDS: ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–-
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–-
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๏ต๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
and private institutions. Data was collected using two
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–-
๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
such that higher levels of leadership were associated
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
and organizational processes.
๎˜๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ฃ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†
Artรญculo de Investigaciรณn
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 2
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
INTRODUCCIร“N
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„-
๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„-
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Š๎™„-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
tradicionales de gestiรณn educativa se han caracterizado
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‘-
๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜-
๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜จ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
inclusiรณn, calidad y corresponsabilidad, orientando a los
๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™„-
๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’-
๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™˜๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜-
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
se relacionan con la infraestructura deteriorada de varias
unidades educativas, donde las aulas presentan condi-
ciones inadecuadas, los espacios deportivos y culturales
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„-
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
de recursos didรกcticos y tecnolรณgicos, lo que restringe
la innovaciรณn pedagรณgica y coloca a los estudiantes en
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„-
๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†-
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’-
vaciรณn pedagรณgica, inclusiรณn y equidad que fortalezcan
la calidad educativa y garanticen el derecho a aprender
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
instituciones educativas con directivos centrados en ta-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
lo que repercute en una gestiรณn poco innovadora, con
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
cohesiรณn organizacional, lo que evidencia la necesidad
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 3
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
presente trabajo busca responder a la interrogante gene-
๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ฉ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
educativas?
METODOLOGรA
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
de carรกcter descriptiva cuantitativa, ya que busca esta-
blecer la relaciรณn existente entre el liderazgo transfor-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
corresponde a un nivel explicativo, dado que pretende
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
cohesiรณn organizacional dentro de la gestiรณn escolar.
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†-
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
considerando tanto a los directivos, docentes y personal
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™-
๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Tabla 1.๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™น๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Tabla 2. ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
del funcionario
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„-
๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„-
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 4
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
tas prรกcticas no se realizan nunca. en conjunto, los datos
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
intelectual, lo que sugiere la necesidad de fortalecer las
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ-
sional.
Tabla 3. Distribuciรณn de la poblaciรณn segรบn el liderazgo y el tipo de instituciรณn educativa
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘-
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„-
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
Tabla 4. ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
Tabla 5. ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
de instituciรณn educativa
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„-
๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’-
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Liderazgo Categorรญa
Tipo de Instituciรณn Total
Pรบblica
Privada
f
%
f % f %
Influencia
idealizada
Casi nunca 1 5
6,1
6 2,4 21 8 ,5
A veces 71
28,7
67
27,7 138
55,9
Casi sie๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ 5 3
21,5
35
14,2 88
35,6
Total 139
56,3
108
43,7 247
100,0
Motivaciรณn
Inspiracional
Casi nunca 1 5
6,1
6 2,4 21 8 ,5
A veces 71
28,7
67
27,7 138
55,9
Casi sie๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ 5 3
21,5
35
14,2 88
35,6
Total 139
56,3
108
43,7
247
100,0
Motivaciรณn
Inspiracional
Nunca 4
1,6
4 1,6 8 3,2
Casi nunca 6 2
25,1
54
21,9 116
47,0
A veces 64
25,9
39
15,8 103
41,7
Casi sie๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ 9
3,6
11 4 ,5 2 0 8,1
Total 139
56,3
108
43,7 247
100,0
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ulaciรณn
Intelectual
Nunca 8
3,2
2 0,8 10 4 ,0
Casi nunca 5 1
20,6
37 15,0 88
35,6
A veces 70
28,3
62 25,1 132
53,4
Casi sie๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ 1 0
4,0
7 2,8 17 6 ,9
Total 139
56,3
108
43,7 247
100,0
Categorรญas
Liderazgo Transformacional
Consideraciรณn
individualizada
๎˜ช๎™ˆstiรณn
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œstraciรณn ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„
organizacional
f
๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ f ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ f ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
Nunca
21
8,5 18 7 ,3 8 7 ,7
Casi nunca
166
67,2 173 7 0,0 116 64,0
A veces
60
24,3 5 3 22,7 103 28,3
Gestiรณn
pedagรณgica-
administrativa Categorรญa
Tipo de Instituciรณn Total
Pรบblica Privada
f % f % f %
Consideraciones
individualizadas
Nunca 16 6 ,5 5 2 ,0 2 1 8,5
Casi Nunca 9 2 37,2 74
30,0 166 67,2
A veces 31 12,6 29
11,7 60 24,3
Total 139 56,3 108
43,7 247 100,0
๎˜ช๎™ˆstiรณn ad๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
Nunca 11 4 ,5 7 2 ,8 1 8 7,3
Casi Nunca 1 01 40,9 72
29,1 173 70,0
A veces 27 10,9 29
11,7 56 22,7
Total 139 56,3 108
43,7 247 100,0
๎˜ฆ๎™๎™Œ๎™a
organizacional
Nunca 7 2,8 12 4 ,9 1 9 7,7
Casi Nunca 9 1 36,8 67
27,1 158 64,0
A veces 41 16,6 29
11,7 70 28,3
Total 139 56,3 108
43,7 247 100,0
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 5
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘
DISCUSIร“N
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜-
๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ-
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
que sugiere un punto de partida favorable para generar
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„-
llazgo es consistente con otros estudios que advierten
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–-
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
nal no se traduce en una gestiรณn fuerte y sostenida.
Varios autores coinciden en que para que el liderazgo
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–-
tiรณn escolar, debe traducirse en estructuras de apoyo,
participaciรณn, desarrollo profesional y cultura organiza-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
debilita la efectividad institucional.
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–-
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
institucional dรฉbiles, lo que sugiere que el entorno no
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’-
๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ-
๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ-
vos y pedagรณgicos no alcanzan los niveles esperados:
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ-
sarrollo profesional.
๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
escuelas secundarias destacan que un liderazgo transfor-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
PรGINA 6
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎™„๎™-
๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
dรฉbil.
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
puede favorecer la gestiรณn educativa, pero su efectivi-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’-
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
individualizada, deben estar presentes. Cuando alguna
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡-
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–-
๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
resultados seรฑalan que existe un punto de partida, pero
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
en un proceso estructurado, coherente y orientado al lo-
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
CONCLUSIONES
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
existe una intenciรณn de inspirar y orientar al personal,
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
al docente.
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•-
cada hacia niveles bajos, esto indica que las prรกcticas
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
los estรกndares necesarios para favorecer el desarrollo
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜-
cirse en una gestiรณn efectiva.
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
las unidades educativas estudiadas es restringido debido
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
que favorezca la participaciรณn, la colaboraciรณn y la in-
๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
institucionales.
DECLARACIร“N DE CONFLICTO
DE INTERESES
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRรFICAS
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–-
hip in enhancing school culture and teaching per-
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜ฉ๎˜จ-
๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฅ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ป
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ณ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜น๎˜ฒ๎˜ฏ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ-
๎˜ถ๎˜ธ๎˜จ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜ธ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ป๎˜ท๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„-
๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™’-
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜™๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜–๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘
1722208
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
ediciรณn
6ta
PรGINA 7
Villavicencio Chรกvez, M. A., Toapanta Valencian, N. C., & Broncano Rocha, R. V. (2025). El liderazgo en la gestiรณn pedagรณgica administrativa de
unidades educativas de Riobamba. Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo, (6). https://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/index
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/15450
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
doi.org/10.46794/riv.14.2.598
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
de la acreditaciรณn en el Instituto Tecnolรณgico Coto-
๎™“๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ด๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎™‘-
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜—๎˜›๎˜’
๎˜ฐ๎˜ด๎˜ต๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜›
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™„-
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜ค๎˜ง-
๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜…๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎šฑ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜‘
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„-
dor.pdf
๎˜ช๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎™‚๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜—๎˜ฌ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
school ethos and culture on the inclusion of students
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—-
tps://doi.org/10.1177/1365480219898897;
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™“๎™–๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜’
articles/24-1.pdf
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜—๎˜’๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜™
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
org/10.15517/revedu.v43i1.28179
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ท๎›‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ธ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ช๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฝ๎˜ช๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎™ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฝ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎›๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค-
๎˜ท๎˜ธ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜-
cativa en el desarrollo del aprendizaje en las Insti-
๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด-
๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎™‚๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜—๎˜ฌ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™•๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„-
๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ-
๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎šฑ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜ญ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜š๎˜ฌ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜œ
๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜’
leadership
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๏ต๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎šฒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’
๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–