REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
Esta obra estรก bajo una Licencia Creative Commons
Atribuciรณn-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
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http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
PAPEL DE LAS MODIFICACIONES EPIGENร‰TICAS EN LA
REGULACIร“N DE LA GLUCร“LISIS Y SU IMPLICACIร“N EN
ENFERMEDADES METABร“LICAS.
๏‘Œ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜’๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—
๎˜ค๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ-
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
PALABRAS CLAVE:
ABSTRACT
๎˜ผ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๏‘Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ
RESUMEN
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„-
THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE REGULATION
OF GLYCOLYSIS AND THEIR IMPLICATION IN METABOLIC DISEASES.
๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘
KEY WORDS: ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™„-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–
Articulo de ResultadosArticulo de Resultados
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜•
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
INTRODUCCIร“N
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„-
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šŽ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„-
๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šŽ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šŽ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™พ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น-
๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ-
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™˜๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„-
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™œ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
METODOLOGรA
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„-
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„-
๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ฒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ช๎˜ฏ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ผ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜น๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ธ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ-
๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜–
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ-
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ-
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›-
๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIร“N
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
Modi๎šฟcaciones epigenรฉticas y mecanismos de regula-
ciรณn epigenรฉticos
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›-
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†-
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ฐ๎˜ท๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–-
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜—
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘
Metilaciรณn del ADN y la modificaciรณn de las Histonas .
๎˜
Nota. ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„-
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜-
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•-
๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’-
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šŽ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šŽ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™-
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™-
๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™น๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™น๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜‘
La Vรญa Metabรณlica de la Glucรณlisis
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™น๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’-
๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ฏ๎˜ธ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ-
๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’-
๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’-
๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„-
๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’-
๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฎ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™น๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™…๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜…๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜…๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ
Implicaciรณn en Enfermedades Metabรณlicas
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’-
๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜˜
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎™…๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„-
๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’-
๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ด๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎˜ฐ๎˜ซ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™-
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’-
๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™ฉ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šŽ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜-
๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎šŽ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜-
๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™–-
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘-
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„-
๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„-
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜’๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฎ๎˜”๎˜’๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„-
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™„-
๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜™
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ-
๎™›๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™˜-
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•-
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ-
๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘-
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
CONCLUSIONES
๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜
๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜—๎˜š๎˜™
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™พ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ-
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRรFICAS
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ช๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ช๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ด๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’-
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™†๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜’๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜“
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™†๎™…๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™‘๎™๎™๎˜‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‹๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎˜’๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜š๎˜–๎˜’
๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ผ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’-
๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’-
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™‘๎™†๎™…๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™‘๎™๎™๎˜‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‹๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎˜’๎™“๎™๎™†๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฆ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜›๎˜›๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜’
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ-
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎˜’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜ข๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‚๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‰๎™“๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎˜ ๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜š๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‰๎™๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ ๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ช๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎™œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™’-
๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™Œ-
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™Š๎™„๎™š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™–๎™’๎™Ž๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜ต๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™-
๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™…๎™๎™†๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜’
๎™–๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–
๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•-
๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
CONFLICTO DE INTERESES:
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
REVISTA
CIENCIA Y
DESARROLLO
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Riobamba
3
era
ed
i
c
i
รณn
ISSN: 2960-8295
๎˜š
http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr
Martรญnez, Y. M. C. (2024). Papel de las modificaciones epigenรฉticas en la regulaciรณn de la glucรณlisis y su implicaciรณn en enfermedades metabรณlicas.
Revista Ciencia y Desarrollo. http://istriobamba.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/revistacienciaydesarrollo_istr/article/view/30
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎šฟ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎™–๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎™†๎™˜๎˜’
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎šฟ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜—๎˜š๎˜“
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„-
๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ-
๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฏ๎˜ซ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™๎™›
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–-
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™„๎™•๎˜’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜ข๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‚๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‰๎™“๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎˜ ๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‰๎™๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ ๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎™…๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™†๎˜‘
๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™…๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„-
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™‘๎™†๎™…๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™‘๎™๎™๎˜‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‹๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎˜’๎™“๎™๎™†๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’
๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฆ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜—๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š๎˜›๎˜’